Esther Troost, MD, PhD, is a radiation oncologist, chair of the Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology of the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, professor of image-guided high-precision radiation therapy at the Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, and group leader at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. She focuses on incorporating anatomical and functional imaging in radiation treatment planning and early response evaluation for personalised treatment and on exploiting imaging changes as objective measures of tumor response. Professor Troost is a reviewer for numerous international scientific journals, a member of national and international societies, and director of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) teaching course on “Target volume delineation”.