The Industrial Condition of Women and Girls in Honolulu: A Social Study is a pioneering early 20th-century work that offers a comprehensive examination of the working lives, social circumstances, and economic challenges faced by women and girls in Honolulu. Authored by the Y.W.C.A. of Honolulu and published in 1912, this book is the result of a detailed investigation into the labor conditions, wages, hours, and environments in which women and girls were employed in the city. Drawing on interviews, surveys, and direct observation, the study explores a wide range of occupations, including factory work, domestic service, retail, and clerical positions, highlighting the diversity of the female workforce in Hawaii during a period of rapid social and economic change. The book delves into the living conditions, family structures, and educational backgrounds of its subjects, providing a nuanced portrait of their daily lives and the obstacles they faced. It addresses issues such as low pay, long hours, lack of job security, and the absence of legal protections, while also considering the impact of race, ethnicity, and immigration on employment opportunities and workplace dynamics. The study pays particular attention to the experiences of native Hawaiian, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and Filipino women, reflecting the multicultural makeup of Honolulu’s population. In addition to documenting the hardships endured by working women and girls, the book also discusses the efforts of social reformers, charitable organizations, and the Y.W.C.A. itself to improve conditions through advocacy, education, and the establishment of support services. It offers recommendations for legislative and social reforms, emphasizing the need for fair wages, reasonable working hours, and better educational opportunities. Rich in detail and social insight, The Industrial Condition of Women and Girls in Honolulu stands as an important historical document, shedding light on the intersection of gender, labor, and ethnicity in early 20th-century Hawaii. It remains a valuable resource for historians, sociologists, and anyone interested in the history of women’s work, social reform, and the development of Honolulu as a modern city.